Sources
Bibliography
745 cited sources underpin this atlas. Sources and claims were reviewed through a multi-model research workflow; where available, DOI and PMID metadata were independently checked against Crossref and PubMed.
- B-100. 1 Maccabees 4. Apocrypha / Septuagint 1 Maccabees 4:36-59. link
- C2023. 19 Facts About the Mountain Jews. Chabad.org link
- B-550. 2 Kings 25 (Hebrew Bible / Tanakh). Hebrew Bible 2 Kings 25:8-22. link
- C2026. Abba Arika. Wikipedia link
- BAbitbol, Michel. 1989. The Jews of North Africa during the Second World War. Wayne State University Press; Detroit
- BAbraham David. 1988. Demographic Changes in the Safed Jewish Community of the 16th Century. Occident and Orient: A Tribute to the Memory of Alexander Scheiber (ed. Róbert Dán), Brill / Akadémiai Kiadó 86–87. link
- BAbramson H. 2010. Ukraine. YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe link
- BAbulafia, David. 2022. Jews, Conversos, and Cristiani Novelli in the Kingdom of Naples. A Companion to the Renaissance in Southern Italy (1350–1600) 253–271. doi:10.1163/9789004526372_012
- BAbulafia, David. 2024. What happened to the Jews of southern Italy?. The Many Faces of Early Modern Italian Jewry 181–200. doi:10.1515/9783111049151-011
- AAdams SM, Bosch E, Balaresque PL, et al.. 2008. The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula. American Journal of Human Genetics 83 725–736. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007
- BAdler EN. 1930. Jewish Travellers. The Broadway Travellers (ed. E. Denison Ross & Eileen Power), London: George Routledge & Sons link
- BAdler, Elkan Nathan. 1931. Jewish Travellers. Routledge, London
- BAdler, H. G.. 2017. Theresienstadt 1941–1945: The Face of a Coerced Community. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (transl. Belinda Cooper)
- AAgranat-Tamir L, Waldman S, Martin MAS, et al.. 2020. The Genomic History of the Bronze Age Southern Levant. Cell 181 1146–1157.e11. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.024
- BAhroni R. 1994. The Jews of the British Crown Colony of Aden: History, Culture, and Ethnic Relations. Leiden: E.J. Brill link
- BAhroni, Reuben. 1986. Yemenite Jewry: Origins, Culture, and Literature. Indiana University Press, Bloomington link
- BAkhiezer, Golda. 2018. Historical Consciousness, Haskalah, and Nationalism among the Karaites of Eastern Europe. Brill
- BAlbertz R. 2003. Israel in Exile: The History and Literature of the Sixth Century B.C.E.. Society of Biblical Literature (Studies in Biblical Literature 3) link
- C2025. Alhambra Decree. Wikipedia link
- BAlroey, Gur. 2002. The Demographic Make-Up of the Second Aliya. Israel: Journal for the Study of Zionism and the State of Israel 2 33–55.
- BAlstola T. 2020. Judeans in Babylonia: A Study of Deportees in the Sixth and Fifth Centuries BCE. Brill (Culture and History of the Ancient Near East) doi:10.1163/9789004365421
- B2007. Altona. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. link
- CAmerican-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 2024. France Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library link
- CAmerican-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 2024. Morocco Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library link
- CAmerican-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 2024. Yemen Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library link
- CAncient History Encyclopedia. 2017. Ancient Israelite & Judean Religion. World History Encyclopedia link
- AAndrew R. Seager. 1972. The Building History of the Sardis Synagogue. American Journal of Archaeology 76 425–435. doi:10.2307/502875
- BAnonymous. -550. 1 Kings (Sefer Melakhim), Hebrew Bible (Masoretic Text). Masoretic Text link
- BAnonymous (First Book of Maccabees). -100. 1 Maccabees 15:16-24 (Latin Vulgate / Douay-Rheims). New Advent Bible link
- BAnsbacher, B. Mordechai, Daemmig, Larissa. 2007. Speyer. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- AApplebaum S. 1951. The Jewish Revolt in Cyrene in 115–117, and the Subsequent Recolonisation. Journal of Jewish Studies 2 177–186.
- BApplebaum S. 1979. Jews and Greeks in Ancient Cyrene. E. J. Brill, Leiden (Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity 28)
- CArchaeological Exploration of Sardis. 2020. The Synagogue at Sardis. Archaeological Exploration of Sardis, Harvard University link
- AArnold Wiznitzer. 1954. The Exodus from Brazil and Arrival in New Amsterdam of the Jewish Pilgrim Fathers, 1654. Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society 44 80–97. link
- BArnold Wiznitzer. 1960. Jews in Colonial Brazil. Columbia University Press
- AAssaf, David. 2009. 'A Heretic who has No Faith in the Great Ones of the Age': The Clash Over the Honor of Or Ha-Hayyim. Modern Judaism 29 194–225. doi:10.1093/mj/kjp003
- BAssaf, David. 2008. Hasidism: Historical Overview. YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe link
- AAtzmon G, Hao L, Pe'er I, et al.. 2010. Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry. The American Journal of Human Genetics 86 850–859. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015
- BAvneri, Zvi. 2007. Worms. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BAvni H. 1991. Argentina and the Jews: A History of Jewish Immigration. University of Alabama Press
- BBacher W. 1906. Academies in Babylonia. The Jewish Encyclopedia (Funk & Wagnalls) link
- BBaer, Yitzhak. 1961. A History of the Jews in Christian Spain. Jewish Publication Society of America link
- BBakhash, Shaul. 2000. Elqāniān, Ḥabib. Encyclopaedia Iranica link
- BBalfour, Arthur James. 1917. The Balfour Declaration (letter from Arthur James Balfour to Lord Rothschild, 2 November 1917). The Avalon Project, Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law School link
- BBarkey K, Katznelson I. 2011. States, regimes, and decisions: why Jews were expelled from Medieval England and France. Theory and Society 40 475–503. doi:10.1007/s11186-011-9150-8
- BBaron SW. 1965. A Social and Religious History of the Jews, Vol. 10: Late Middle Ages and Era of European Expansion (1200–1650): On the Empire's Periphery. Columbia University Press, New York
- BBaron, Salo W.. 1965. A Social and Religious History of the Jews, Volume 10: On the Empire's Periphery. Columbia University Press, New York 420.
- BBatista J. 2014. Chmielnicki Massacres (1648–1649). Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia, vol. 1 (ABC-CLIO) 100–101. link
- ABehar DM, Metspalu E, Kivisild T, et al.. 2008. Counting the Founders: The Matrilineal Genetic Ancestry of the Jewish Diaspora. PLoS ONE 3 e2062. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002062
- ABehar DM, Yunusbayev B, Metspalu M, et al.. 2010. The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people. Nature 466 238–242. doi:10.1038/nature09103
- BBeinart, Haim. 2001. The Expulsion of the Jews from Spain. The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization in association with Liverpool University Press (trans. Jeffrey M. Green); Oxford p. 290. link
- BBeinart, Haim. 2007. Cordova. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BBeinin J. 1998. The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry: Culture, Politics, and the Formation of a Modern Diaspora. University of California Press link
- BBen Naeh, Yaron. 2010. Pallache, Ḥayyim. Encyclopaedia of Jews in the Islamic World, vol. 4 pp. 38–39.
- BBen-Ami, Issachar. 1998. Saint Veneration Among the Jews in Morocco. Wayne State University Press
- BBen-Sasson, Haim Hillel. 2007. Black Death. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- ABen-Zvi, Izhak. 1960. The Codex of Ben Asher. Textus 1 1–16.
- BBenbassa E. 1999. The Jews of France: A History from Antiquity to the Present. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (trans. M. B. DeBevoise)
- BBenbassa E, Rodrigue A. 2000. Sephardi Jewry: A History of the Judeo-Spanish Community, 14th–20th Centuries. University of California Press link
- BBenjamin of Tudela. 1907. The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela: Critical Text, Translation and Commentary (ed. Marcus Nathan Adler). Henry Frowde / Oxford University Press (London); original 12th-century travel account link
- BBenjamin of Tudela, Adler, Marcus Nathan (trans.). 1907. The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela: Critical Text, Translation and Commentary. Oxford University Press (Henry Frowde), London link
- BBennison, Amira K.. 2016. The Almoravid and Almohad Empires. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh (The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires)
- BBenoliel, José. 1977. Dialecto judeo-hispano-marroquí o hakitía. Madrid (collected edition of studies originally published 1926–1952)
- ABernard Lewis. 1954. Studies in the Ottoman Archives—I. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 16 469–501. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00086808
- BBernard Lewis. 1984. The Jews of Islam. Princeton University Press
- CBiblical Archaeology Society. 2022. What Is Biblical Hebrew?. Biblical Archaeology Society (Bible History Daily) link
- CBiblical Archaeology Society. 2023. Does the Merneptah Stele Contain the First Mention of Israel?. Biblical Archaeology Society (Bible History Daily) link
- CBiblical Archaeology Society. 2022. What Does the Mesha Stele Say?. Biblical Archaeology Society (Bible History Daily) link
- CBiblical Archaeology Society. 2023. The Tel Dan Inscription: The First Historical Evidence of the King David Bible Story. Biblical Archaeology Society (Bible History Daily) link
- BBiello, Shannon. 2014. The X and Y of Human Origins: Using Y Chromosome Sequencing Data to Explore Human Evolution. National Human Genome Research Institute link
- ABiran, Avraham, Naveh, Joseph. 1993. An Aramaic Stele Fragment from Tel Dan. Israel Exploration Journal 43 81–98. link
- ABiran, Avraham, Naveh, Joseph. 1995. The Tel Dan Inscription: A New Fragment. Israel Exploration Journal 45 1–18. link
- BBlanc H. 1964. Communal Dialects in Baghdad. Harvard University Press (Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard Middle Eastern Monographs) link
- BBlenkinsopp J. 1988. Ezra–Nehemiah: A Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press (Old Testament Library) link
- BBodian M. 1997. Hebrews of the Portuguese Nation: Conversos and Community in Early Modern Amsterdam. Indiana University Press link
- BBodian, Miriam. 1997. Hebrews of the Portuguese Nation: Conversos and Community in Early Modern Amsterdam. Indiana University Press
- BBöhm, Günter. 1991. Die Sephardim in Hamburg. Arno Herzig (ed.), Die Geschichte der Juden in Hamburg, Vol. 2: Die Juden in Hamburg 1590 bis 1990, Hamburg: Dölling und Galitz 21–40.
- BBonfil, Robert. 2009. History and Folklore in a Medieval Jewish Chronicle: The Family Chronicle of Ahimaaz ben Paltiel. Brill 1–402. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004173859.i-402
- BBonfil, Robert, Irshai, Oded, Stroumsa, Guy G., et al.. 2011. Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures. Brill (Jerusalem Studies in Religion and Culture) 105. link
- BBook of Jeremiah. -550. Jeremiah 52:28–30 (Masoretic Text). Tanakh / Hebrew Bible (Revised JPS translation, 2023) link
- BBook of Tobit (anonymous). -200. Book of Tobit 1:1–2, 1:14 (Apocrypha / Deuterocanon). Septuagint / Apocrypha (cited from the New Revised Standard Version, Anglicized) link
- BBorjian H. 2015. Judeo-Iranian Languages. A Handbook of Jewish Languages (L. Kahn & A. D. Rubin, eds.), Brill 234–295.
- BBowman, Steven B.. 1985. The Jews of Byzantium, 1204–1453. University of Alabama Press link
- BBowman, Steven B.. 2009. The Agony of Greek Jews, 1940–1945. Stanford University Press link
- ABrace S, Diekmann Y, Booth T, et al.. 2022. Genomes from a medieval mass burial show Ashkenazi-associated hereditary diseases pre-date the 12th century. Current Biology 32 4350–4359.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.036
- BBradbury, Jim. 1997. Philip Augustus: King of France 1180–1223. The Medieval World, Routledge (Longman)
- BBraham, Randolph L.. 2016. The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary (3rd, revised and enlarged ed.). Columbia University Press (Rosenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies)
- BBreuer, Mordechai. 1996. German-Jewish History in Modern Times, Volume 1: Tradition and Enlightenment, 1600–1780. Columbia University Press, New York 105–116.
- BBritish Library. 2021. Catalogue of Books Printed in the XVth Century now in the British Library (BMC), Part XIII: Hebraica. Brill
- BBrodsky, Adriana. 2011. Educating Argentine Jews: Sephardim and Their Schools, 1920s–1960s. Returning to Babel 33–51. doi:10.1163/9789004217669_004
- BBrody R. 1998. The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval Jewish Culture. Yale University Press (Yale Judaica Series)
- BBrody R. 1998. The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval Jewish Culture. Yale University Press link
- BBrody R. 2011. Pumbedita. The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion, 2nd ed. (ed. Adele Berlin), Oxford University Press p. 591. link
- ABrook, Kevin Alan. 2014. The Genetics of Crimean Karaites. Karadeniz Araştırmaları (Journal of Black Sea Studies) 11 69–84. doi:10.12787/KARAM859
- BBrozgal, Lia Nicole. 2013. Against Autobiography: Albert Memmi and the Production of Theory. University of Nebraska Press
- C2024. Bukharan Jews. Jewish Virtual Library link
- C2025. Bukharan Jews. Wikipedia link
- BBunis, David M.. 2021. Judeo-Spanish (Judezmo, Ladino). Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.428
- ACampbell CL, Palamara PF, Dubrovsky M, et al.. 2012. North African Jewish and non-Jewish populations form distinctive, orthogonal clusters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 13865–13870. doi:10.1073/pnas.1204840109
- ACarmi S, Hui KY, Kochav E, et al.. 2014. Sequencing an Ashkenazi reference panel supports population-targeted personal genomics and illuminates Jewish and European origins. Nature Communications 5 4835. doi:10.1038/ncomms5835
- BCassius Dio. 1925. Roman History, Book 68.32 (Epitome of Xiphilinus). Loeb Classical Library, trans. E. Cary, via LacusCurtius link
- BCassius Dio. 230. Roman History, Book LXIX (Loeb Classical Library, trans. Earnest Cary). LacusCurtius, University of Chicago link
- ACatlos, Brian A.. 2014. Accursed, Superior Men: Ethno-Religious Minorities and Politics in the Medieval Mediterranean. Comparative Studies in Society and History 56 844–869. doi:10.1017/S0010417514000425
- AChazan, Robert. 1977. The Barcelona 'Disputation' of 1263: Christian Missionizing and Jewish Response. Speculum 52 824–842. doi:10.2307/2855376
- BChazan, Robert. 1980. Church, State, and Jew in the Middle Ages. Behrman House (Library of Jewish Studies)
- BChetrit, Joseph. 2018. Judeo-Berber in Morocco. Languages in Jewish Communities, Past and Present, eds. Sarah Bunin Benor & Benjamin H. Hary (Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton), Contributions to the Sociology of Language 73–74.
- CChetrit, Joseph. 2022. Judeo-Amazigh. Jewish Language Website, ed. Sarah Bunin Benor (Jewish Language Project) link
- AClive Foss. 1975. The Persians in Asia Minor and the End of Antiquity. The English Historical Review 90 721–747. doi:10.1093/ehr/XC.CCCLVII.721
- BClogg, Richard. 2002. A Concise History of Greece. Cambridge University Press p. 98.
- BCohen, Shaye J. D.. 1999. The Beginnings of Jewishness: Boundaries, Varieties, Uncertainties. University of California Press link
- ACohn SK Jr. 2007. The Black Death and the Burning of Jews. Past & Present 196 3–36. doi:10.1093/pastj/gtm005
- ACole, Joshua. 2012. Constantine before the riots of August 1934: civil status, anti-Semitism, and the politics of assimilation in interwar French Algeria. The Journal of North African Studies 17 839–861. doi:10.1080/13629387.2012.723432
- BCole, Joshua. 2019. Lethal Provocation: The Constantine Murders and the Politics of French Algeria. Cornell University Press; Ithaca, NY
- B1902. Comtino, Mordecai ben Eliezer. The Jewish Encyclopedia link
- CCongregation Shearith Israel. 2026. Our History. Congregation Shearith Israel link
- BCooper, Alanna E.. 2012. Bukharan Jews and the Dynamics of Global Judaism. Indiana University Press, Bloomington link
- BCorcos D, Simon R. 2007. Benghazi. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (Gale) link
- ACosta MD, Pereira JB, Pala M, et al.. 2013. A substantial prehistoric European ancestry amongst Ashkenazi maternal lineages. Nature Communications 4 2543. doi:10.1038/ncomms3543
- BCowley, Arthur Ernest. 1923. Aramaic Papyri of the Fifth Century B.C.. Oxford: Clarendon Press link
- B2007. Cyrene. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (Gale) link
- B1906. Cyrus. The Jewish Encyclopedia (Funk & Wagnalls) link
- BDalven, Rae. 1990. The Jews of Ioannina. Cadmus Press, Philadelphia
- BDaniel Goldschmidt. 1996. Meḥkarei tefillah u-fiyyut (Studies in Prayer and Piyyut). Magnes Press, Hebrew University of Jerusalem 153–154.
- BDaniels R. 2004. Guarding the Golden Door: American Immigration Policy and Immigrants since 1882. Hill and Wang (Farrar, Straus and Giroux) link
- BDanon, Dina. 2019. The Jews of Ottoman Izmir: A Modern History. Stanford University Press
- BDanon, Dina. 2014. Sephardic Jews. Oxford Bibliographies in Jewish Studies doi:10.1093/obo/9780199840731-0066
- BDavid M. Lewis. 2002. Selected Papers in Greek and Near Eastern History. Cambridge University Press 381. link
- BDavis, Robert C. (ed.), Ravid, Benjamin (ed.). 2001. The Jews of Early Modern Venice. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore link
- BDe Felice R. 1985. Jews in an Arab Land: Libya, 1835–1970. University of Texas Press
- Bde la Torre, Ignacio. 2010. The Monetary Fluctuations in Philip IV's Kingdom of France and Their Relevance to the Arrest of the Templars. The Debate on the Trial of the Templars (1307–1314), eds. J. Burgtorf, P. F. Crawford & H. J. Nicholson (Farnham: Ashgate) 57–68.
- C2025. Derbent. Wikipedia link
- BDesbois, Patrick. 2008. The Holocaust by Bullets: A Priest's Journey to Uncover the Truth Behind the Murder of 1.5 Million Jews. Palgrave Macmillan
- BDeutsch, Gotthard, Elbogen, Ismar. 1904. Leghorn. The Jewish Encyclopedia, ed. Isidore Singer (Funk & Wagnalls, 1901–1906), vol. 7 link
- BDiner HR. 2004. The Jews of the United States, 1654 to 2000. University of California Press link
- C2000. Djerba. Wikipedia link
- BDobson, R. B.. 1974. The Jews of Medieval York and the Massacre of March 1190. Borthwick Papers no. 45, Borthwick Institute, University of York
- BDubnow SM. 1916. History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, Vol. 1: From the Beginning until the Death of Alexander I (1825). Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia (trans. I. Friedlaender)
- BDubnow, Simon. 1916. History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, Volume I: From the Beginning until the Death of Alexander I (1825). Jewish Publication Society of America (trans. Israel Friedlaender) link
- BDzhindzhikhashvili Z. 1996. Georgian Jews. Encyclopedia of World Cultures (via Encyclopedia.com) link
- AEck W. 1999. The Bar Kokhba Revolt: The Roman Point of View. The Journal of Roman Studies 89 76–89. doi:10.2307/300735
- BEdzard, Alexandra B.. 2021. Judeo-French. Jewish Languages: Text Specimens, Grammatical, Lexical, and Cultural Sketches, Harrassowitz Verlag 557–559.
- BEgger, Vernon O.. 2008. A History of the Muslim World Since 1260: The Making of a Global Community. Prentice Hall
- C2000. El Ghriba Synagogue. Wikipedia link
- BElayi J. 2017. Sargon II, King of Assyria. SBL Press
- BElayi J. 2017. Sargon II, King of Assyria. SBL Press (Archaeology and Biblical Studies 22) doi:10.2307/j.ctt1s4762q
- BElbel, Petr, Ziegler, Wolfram. 2016. Am schwarczen suntag mardert man dieselben juden, all die zaigten vill guets an under der erden … Die Wiener Gesera: eine Neubetrachtung. Avigdor, Benesch, Gitl. Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien im Mittelalter. Samuel Steinherz zum Gedenken (1857 Güssing – 1942 Theresienstadt), Klartext Verlag, Essen 201–268.
- B2007. Eliyia, Joseph. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.) link
- CEncyclopaedia Britannica. 2000. Isaac ben Jacob Alfasi. Encyclopaedia Britannica link
- CEncyclopaedia Britannica. 2024. Babylonian Captivity. Encyclopaedia Britannica link
- CEncyclopaedia Britannica. 2024. Hezekiah, King of Judah. Encyclopaedia Britannica link
- CEncyclopaedia Britannica. 2000. Isaac ben Solomon Israeli. Encyclopaedia Britannica link
- BEncyclopaedia Britannica. 2024. Leone Modena. Encyclopaedia Britannica link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Aboab da Fonseca, Isaac. Encyclopaedia Judaica, via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Almohads. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), reprinted by the Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Amsterdam. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Apulia. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Ashkenaz. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Austria. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (via Jewish Virtual Library) link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Israel ben Eliezer Ba'al Shem Tov. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Bayonne. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Belgrade. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Bohemia. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), reproduced by the Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Bordeaux. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Carpentras. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Champagne. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Cologne. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Comtat Venaissin. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Exile, Babylonian. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (via Encyclopedia.com) link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Ferrara. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (via Encyclopedia.com) link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Gershom ben Judah Me'or Ha-Golah. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Gradis. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Hamburg. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Isserles, Moses ben Israel. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Istanbul. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., ed. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik (Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA) 10 link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Italy. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Izmir. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Jacob ben Yakar. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Kalisz. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Kalonymus. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Kurdistan. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.) link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Leghorn (Livorno). Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Mainz. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Manasseh (Menasseh) ben Israel. Encyclopaedia Judaica, via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Marranos. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Nehardea. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed., Gale) link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Nieto, David. Encyclopaedia Judaica, via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Ottoman Empire. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), reproduced by Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Paris. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Pogroms. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (Detroit: Macmillan Reference / Gale) link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Provence. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Rashi (Solomon ben Isaac). Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Sa'd al-Dawla al-Safi ibn Hibbatallah. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (via Encyclopedia.com) link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Safed. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), reprinted by the Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Salonika. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Sarajevo. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Shalom Aleichem. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Shtetl. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (Detroit: Macmillan Reference / Gale) link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Sicily. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Tosafot. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Tripoli (Libya). Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Troyes. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Costa, Uriel da. Encyclopaedia Judaica, via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Vienna. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (via Encyclopedia.com) link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Elijah ben Solomon Zalman. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Yugoslavia. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Gaponov, Boris. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (via Encyclopedia.com) link
- BEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2007. Bulgaria. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- CEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2000. Kairouan. Jewish Virtual Library (Encyclopaedia Judaica) link
- CEncyclopaedia Judaica. 2008. Vilna (Vilnius). Encyclopaedia Judaica, via Jewish Virtual Library (AICE) link
- BEncyclopedia of Religion. 2005. Anan ben David. Encyclopedia of Religion (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- CEncyclopedia.com. 2019. Spinoza, Baruch (Benedict). Encyclopedia.com link
- CEncyclopedia.com. 2019. Venice. Encyclopedia.com link
- BEndelman TM. 2002. The Jews of Britain, 1656 to 2000. University of California Press link
- BEndelman, Todd M.. 2002. The Jews of Britain, 1656 to 2000. University of California Press
- BEngel, David. 2008. Holocaust: An Overview. YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe link
- BEpstein, Mark A.. 1980. The Ottoman Jewish Communities and Their Role in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. Klaus Schwarz Verlag, Freiburg
- BErder, Yoram. 2017. The Karaite Mourners of Zion and the Qumran Scrolls: On the History of an Alternative to Rabbinic Judaism. Brepols (Diaspora 3)
- BErich S. Gruen. 2002. Diaspora: Jews amidst Greeks and Romans. Harvard University Press 2–3.
- B2000. Esther 1:2. Tanakh (Hebrew Bible, Ketuvim), Revised JPS 2023 translation via Sefaria link
- BEsther Benbassa, Aron Rodrigue. 2000. Sephardi Jewry: A History of the Judeo-Spanish Community, 14th–20th Centuries. University of California Press
- C2025. Ezekiel's Tomb. Wikipedia link
- B-400. Ezra 6 (Hebrew Bible / Tanakh). Hebrew Bible Ezra 6:15. link
- BFabian Alfie. 1998. Immanuel of Rome, Alias Manoello Giudeo: The Poetics of Jewish Identity in Fourteenth-Century Italy. Italica 75 307–329.
- BFalkenhausen, Vera von. 2012. The Jews in Byzantine Southern Italy. Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures 271–296. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004203556.i-1010.36
- AFeferman, Kiril. 2011. Nazi Germany and the Karaites in 1938–1944: Between Racial Theory and Realpolitik. Nationalities Papers 39 277–294. doi:10.1080/00905992.2010.549468
- BFine, Lawrence. 2003. Physician of the Soul, Healer of the Cosmos: Isaac Luria and His Kabbalistic Fellowship. Stanford University Press link
- BFine, Steven. 2016. The Menorah: From the Bible to Modern Israel. Harvard University Press link
- BFinkelstein I. 1996. Ethnicity and Origin of the Iron I Settlers in the Highlands of Canaan: Can the Real Israel Stand Up?. The Biblical Archaeologist 59 198–212. doi:10.2307/3210562
- AFinkelstein I. 2010. The Territorial Extent and Demography of Yehud/Judea in the Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods. Revue Biblique 117 39–54. link
- BFinkelstein I. 2013. The Forgotten Kingdom: The Archaeology and History of Northern Israel. SBL Press (Ancient Near East Monographs 5)
- AFinkelstein I. 2015. Migration of Israelites into Judah after 720 BCE: An Answer and an Update. Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 127 188–206. doi:10.1515/zaw-2015-0011
- BFinkelstein I, Silberman NA. 2001. The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts. Free Press
- BFischel, Walter Joseph. 2007. Amadiya. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), reprinted by the Jewish Virtual Library link
- BFitzmyer JA. 2003. Tobit (Commentaries on Early Jewish Literature). Walter de Gruyter (Berlin / New York)
- BFlavius Josephus. 94. Jewish Antiquities, Book XII (trans. William Whiston). Perseus / University of Chicago (Whiston translation) link
- BFlavius Josephus. 94. Antiquities of the Jews, Book XII, Chapter 1. The Works of Flavius Josephus, trans. William Whiston link
- BFlavius Josephus. 94. Antiquities of the Jews, Book XIII, Chapter 3. The Works of Flavius Josephus, trans. William Whiston link
- BFlavius Josephus. 94. Antiquities of the Jews, Book XIV, Chapter 7 (14.117, quoting Strabo of Amaseia). The Works of Flavius Josephus, trans. William Whiston link
- BFlavius Josephus. 94. Jewish Antiquities (Antiquitates Judaicae), Book XIV (trans. William Whiston). The Works of Flavius Josephus, trans. William Whiston (1737) link
- BFlavius Josephus. 94. Jewish Antiquities, Book XIV (trans. William Whiston). Perseus / University of Chicago (Whiston translation) link
- BFlavius Josephus. 94. Jewish Antiquities, Book XVIII (18.3.5 / 18.83–84) (trans. William Whiston). Perseus / University of Chicago (Whiston translation) link
- BFlavius Josephus. 94. Antiquities of the Jews, Book 14 (14.115, quoting Strabo of Amaseia). The Works of Flavius Josephus, trans. William Whiston link
- BFlavius Josephus. 95. Against Apion, Book 2 (2.44). The Works of Flavius Josephus, trans. William Whiston link
- BFlavius Josephus. 75. The Jewish War (De Bello Judaico), Book VI, 6.9.3 (§420), trans. William Whiston.
- BFlavius Josephus. 75. The Wars of the Jews, or The History of the Destruction of Jerusalem. Book II, ch. 20, §559–561 (trans. William Whiston) link
- BFrankel, Jonathan. 1997. The Damascus Affair: 'Ritual Murder', Politics, and the Jews in 1840. Cambridge University Press
- BGainer, Bernard. 1972. The Alien Invasion: The Origins of the Aliens Act of 1905. Heinemann Educational
- CGal Beckerman. 2026. Soviet Jewry. My Jewish Learning link
- C2024. Gaon. Jewish Virtual Library link
- BGarcía-Arenal M, Wiegers G. 2003. A Man of Three Worlds: Samuel Pallache, a Moroccan Jew in Catholic and Protestant Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press doi:10.1353/book.14092
- BGartner, Lloyd P.. 1960. The Jewish Immigrant in England, 1870–1914. George Allen & Unwin
- BGat, Moshe. 1997. The Jewish Exodus from Iraq, 1948–1951. Frank Cass link
- C2025. Gavriil Ilizarov. Wikipedia link
- BGerber JS. 1992. The Jews of Spain: A History of the Sephardic Experience. The Free Press (New York) link
- BGerber, Jane S.. 1994. The Jews of Spain: A History of the Sephardic Experience. Free Press link
- BGerber, Jane S.. 2021. The Jews of Muslim Spain. The Cambridge History of Judaism, Vol. 5: Jews in the Medieval Islamic World (ed. Phillip I. Lieberman), Cambridge University Press
- BGershom Scholem. 1973. Sabbatai Ṣevi: The Mystical Messiah, 1626–1676. Princeton University Press (Bollingen Series XCIII)
- C2000. Giado concentration camp. Wikipedia link
- BGil, Moshe. 1992. A History of Palestine, 634–1099. Cambridge University Press (trans. Ethel Broido)
- BGinzberg L. 1902. Capsali. The Jewish Encyclopedia link
- CGirardot C, Morvan Y. 2024. On the path of the Georgian Jews: from symbiosis to the great exodus. K. Jews, Europe, 21st Century link
- BGitelman, Zvi. 2008. Evsektsiia. YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe link
- BGlasser J. 2016. The Lost Paradise: Andalusi Music in Urban North Africa. University of Chicago Press
- BGoitein SD. 1971. A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Volume II: The Community. University of California Press link
- BGoitein, S. D.. 1967. A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Volume 1: Economic Foundations. University of California Press link
- BGoldberg HE. 1990. Jewish Life in Muslim Libya: Rivals and Relatives. University of Chicago Press
- AGoldschmidt, E., Fried, K., Steinberg, A. G., et al.. 1976. The Karaite community of Iraq in Israel: a genetic study. American Journal of Human Genetics 28 243–252. PMID:1266851
- BGottheil R, Krauss S. 1906. Byzantine Empire. The Jewish Encyclopedia link
- BGottheil R, Bacher W. 1906. Exilarch (Resh Galuta). The Jewish Encyclopedia (Funk & Wagnalls) link
- BGottheil R, Bacher W. 1906. Nehardea (Nearda). The Jewish Encyclopedia (Funk & Wagnalls) link
- BGottheil, Richard, Kayserling, Meyer. 1906. Granada. The Jewish Encyclopedia, Funk & Wagnalls link
- BGottreich, Emily Benichou. 2020. Jewish Morocco: A History from Pre-Islamic to Postcolonial Times. I.B. Tauris (Bloomsbury Publishing), London doi:10.5040/9781838603601
- BGrabbe LL. 2004. A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 1: The Persian Period (539–331 BCE). T&T Clark (Bloomsbury Academic) link
- BGrabbe LL. 2007. Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?. T&T Clark link
- BGray AM. 2007. Amoraim. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed., Gale) link
- BGrossman, Avraham. 2012. Rashi. The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization
- BGruen ES. 2002. Diaspora: Jews amidst Greeks and Romans. Harvard University Press
- BGuttstadt, Corry. 2013. Turkey, the Jews, and the Holocaust. Cambridge University Press link
- Bha-Kohen M, Goldberg HE. 1980. The Book of Mordechai: A Study of the Jews of Libya (translation of Higgid Mordekhai). Darf Publishers / Institute of Jewish Affairs, London
- AHaber M, Doumet-Serhal C, Scheib C, et al.. 2017. Continuity and Admixture in the Last Five Millennia of Levantine History from Ancient Canaanite and Present-Day Lebanese Genome Sequences. American Journal of Human Genetics 101 274–282. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.013
- BHaim Beinart. 2002. The Expulsion of the Jews from Spain. Littman Library of Jewish Civilization
- BHall, Richard C.. 2000. The Balkan Wars 1912-1913: Prelude to the First World War. Routledge
- B2007. Hamadan. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Jewish Virtual Library link
- AHarel, Yaron. 1999. The controversy over Rabbi Ephraim Laniado's inheritance of the Rabbinate in Aleppo. Jewish History 13 83–101. doi:10.1007/BF02337431
- BHarvey, Leonard Patrick. 1990. Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500. University of Chicago Press link
- BHasegawa S, Levin C, Radner K. 2018. The Last Days of the Kingdom of Israel. De Gruyter
- BHasegawa S, Levin C, Radner K. 2018. The Last Days of the Kingdom of Israel. De Gruyter (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 511) doi:10.1515/9783110566604
- AHasel, Michael G.. 1994. Israel in the Merneptah Stela. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 296 45–61. doi:10.2307/1357179
- BHaskins, Charles Homer. 1927. Studies in the History of Mediaeval Science. Harvard University Press link
- BHatimi, Mohammed. 2010. Pisces Affair. Encyclopaedia of Jews in the Islamic World doi:10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_SIM_0017680
- BHebrew Bible. 2000. II Kings (Melakhim II), chs. 24–25. Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), JPS translation via Sefaria link
- BHebrew Bible. 2000. II Kings (Melakhim II), ch. 17. Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), King James Version link
- BHebrew Bible. 2000. Ezra 1. Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), JPS translation via Sefaria link
- BHebrew Bible. 2000. Jeremiah (Yirmeyahu) 52. Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), JPS translation via Sefaria link
- BHenshke, David. 2011. Directing Prayer toward the Holy Place: The Plain Meaning of the Mishnah and Its Echoes in Talmudic Literature. Tarbiz 80 5–27. link
- BHerman Rosenthal. 1903. Derbent. The Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 4 (Funk & Wagnalls, New York, 1901–1906) link
- BHeyd, Uriel. 1953. The Jewish Communities of Istanbul in the Seventeenth Century. Oriens 6 299–314. link
- BHillaby, Joe, Hillaby, Caroline. 2013. The Palgrave Dictionary of Medieval Anglo-Jewish History. Palgrave Macmillan
- AHirschberg, H. Z.. 1963. The Problem of the Judaized Berbers. The Journal of African History 4 313–339. doi:10.1017/S0021853700004278
- BHirschberg, H. Z.. 1974. A History of the Jews in North Africa, Vol. I: From Antiquity to the Sixteenth Century. Brill; Leiden
- BHirschberg, H. Z.. 1981. A History of the Jews in North Africa, Vol. II: From the Ottoman Conquests to the Present Time. Brill; Leiden
- BHirschberg, Haïm Z'ew. 2007. Musta'rab, Musta'rabs. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.) link
- C2025. History of the Jews in Azerbaijan. Wikipedia link
- C2025. History of the Jews in Iraq. Wikipedia link
- C2025. History of the Jews in Spain. Wikipedia link
- C2025. History of the Jews in Syria. Wikipedia link
- C2000. History of the Jews in Tunisia. Wikipedia link
- C2025. History of the Jews in Uzbekistan. Wikipedia link
- C2025. History of the Jews in Yemen. Wikipedia link
- C2025. Hizgil Avshalumov. Wikipedia link
- BHuici Miranda, Ambrosio. 1970. The Iberian Peninsula and Sicily. The Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 2A (eds. P. M. Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis), Cambridge University Press
- AHundert, Gershon David. 1997. Poland: Paradisus Judaeorum. Journal of Jewish Studies 48 335–348. doi:10.18647/2003/jjs-1997
- BHünefeld K. 2025. Dhimma governance and the Zaydī madhhab spectrum: the forced conversion of Jewish orphans, its Islamic legal background, and political relevance. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 54 264–272. link
- BHuscroft R. 2006. Expulsion: England's Jewish Solution. Tempus, Stroud
- BHuss B. 1992. Ketem Paz: The Kabbalistic Doctrine of Rabbi Simeon Lavi in his Commentary on the Zohar. Doctoral dissertation, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- AIdo, Shinji. 2017. The Vowel System of Jewish Bukharan Tajik: With Special Reference to the Tajik Vowel Chain Shift. Journal of Jewish Languages 5 81–103. doi:10.1163/22134638-12340078
- BIkhilov MM. 1994. Mountain Jews. Encyclopedia of World Cultures, Vol. VI: Russia and Eurasia / China (G.K. Hall, Boston; trans. P. Friedrich & D. Testen) link
- BInstitut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden. 2006. Emanzipation. Das jüdische Hamburg. Ein historisches Nachschlagewerk, Göttingen: Wallstein link
- BIsrael JI. 1998. European Jewry in the Age of Mercantilism, 1550-1750. The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization link
- BJacobs J, Jackson AVW. 1905. Persia. The Jewish Encyclopedia (Funk & Wagnalls, 1901–1906) link
- BJacoby, David. 2014. Benjamin of Tudela and his 'Book of Travels'. Travellers, Merchants and Settlers in the Eastern Mediterranean, 11th-14th Centuries (Farnham: Ashgate Variorum; repr. Routledge) 160-161.
- BJarrassé, Dominique. 2013. Synagogues in the Islamic World. A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations: From the Origins to the Present Day (eds. A. Meddeb & B. Stora) 911–927. link
- BJean-Baptiste Frey. 1936. Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaicarum, Vol. 1: Europe (nos. 656–660, Sardinia). Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana, Rome
- BJerome (Eusebius Hieronymus). 407. Commentary on Jeremiah (on 31:15) and Chronicon, on the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt.
- BJewish Encyclopedia. 1906. Donnolo (Shabbethai b. Abraham b. Joel). The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901–1906) link
- BJewish Encyclopedia. 1906. Luzzatto, Samuel David. The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901–1906) link
- BJewish Encyclopedia. 1906. Nathan ben Jehiel. The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901–1906) link
- BJewish Encyclopedia. 1906. Sforno. The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901–1906) link
- BJewish Encyclopedia. 1906. Council of Four Lands. The Jewish Encyclopedia link
- BJewish Encyclopedia contributors. 1904. England. The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901–1906) link
- CJewish Language Project. 2000. Jewish Neo-Aramaic. Jewish Language Project (jewishlanguages.org) link
- CJewish Language Project. 2000. Krymchak. Jewish Language Project (HUC-JIR) link
- BJewish Publication Society. 2023. II Kings 17:6 (Hebrew Bible / Tanakh). The JPS TANAKH: Gender-Sensitive Edition (Revised JPS) link
- BJewish Publication Society. 2023. Ezra 1:1–3 (Hebrew Bible / Tanakh). The JPS TANAKH: Gender-Sensitive Edition (Revised JPS) link
- BJewish Virtual Library. 2008. Portugal Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise), drawing on Encyclopaedia Judaica link
- BJewish Virtual Library. 2024. Algeria Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise), drawing on Encyclopaedia Judaica link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2026. Austria Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library (AICE) link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2023. Egypt Virtual Jewish History Tour. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2023. Georgia Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise) link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2024. Greece Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2026. Hungary Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library (AICE) link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2024. Ioannina. Jewish Virtual Library link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2026. Jews in Islamic Countries: Iran. Jewish Virtual Library (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise) link
- BJewish Virtual Library. 2024. Iraq Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise), drawing on Encyclopaedia Judaica link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2020. Italy Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise) link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2024. Jews in Islamic Countries: Iran. Jewish Virtual Library (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise) link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2026. Poland Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library (AICE) link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2026. Prague, Czech Republic Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library (AICE) link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2026. The Second Aliyah (1904–1914). Jewish Virtual Library link
- BJewish Virtual Library. 2024. Spain Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise), drawing on Encyclopaedia Judaica link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2026. The Third Aliyah (1919–1923). Jewish Virtual Library link
- CJewish Virtual Library. 2026. Venice, Italy Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library (AICE) link
- BJewish Women's Archive. 2000. Asnat Barazani. The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women (Jewish Women's Archive) link
- BJochnowitz G. 2018. Judeo-Provençal in Southern France. In B. Hary & S. B. Benor (eds.), Languages in Jewish Communities, Past and Present (Contributions to the Sociology of Language 112), Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton 129–144.
- BJon Cowans. 2003. Early Modern Spain: A Documentary History. University of Pennsylvania Press (Documentary History series)
- BJordan, William Chester. 1989. The French Monarchy and the Jews: From Philip Augustus to the Last Capetians. University of Pennsylvania Press
- BJosephus, Flavius. 75. The Jewish War (Bellum Judaicum), Book VI. Flavius Josephus, The Jewish War 6.249–266. link
- BJoyce Reynolds, Robert Tannenbaum. 2020. Jews and God-fearers at Aphrodisias: Greek Inscriptions with Commentary. Cambridge Philological Society, Supplementary Volume 12; original edition published 1987 doi:10.2307/j.ctv1r07g1b
- C2025. Judeo-Tat. Wikipedia link
- BJulia G. Krivoruchko. 2016. Judeo-Greek. Handbook of Jewish Languages (eds. Lily Kahn & Aaron D. Rubin), Brill link
- BKadish S. 2011. The Synagogues of Britain and Ireland: An Architectural and Social History. Yale University Press link
- BKahn, Lily (ed.), Rubin, Aaron D. (ed.). 2016. Handbook of Jewish Languages. Brill (Leiden)
- BKalimi I, Richardson S. 2014. Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem: Story, History and Historiography. Brill (Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 71) link
- AKamen H. 1988. The Mediterranean and the Expulsion of Spanish Jews in 1492. Past & Present 119 30–55. doi:10.1093/past/119.1.30
- BKamen, Henry. 1998. The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision. Yale University Press link
- BKaplan Y. 2000. An Alternative Path to Modernity: The Sephardi Diaspora in Western Europe. Brill link
- BKaplan, Joseph. 2007. Nahmanides. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.) link
- BKatz DS. 1994. The Jews in the History of England, 1485–1850. Clarendon Press (Oxford University Press)
- BKatz EB. 2015. The Burdens of Brotherhood: Jews and Muslims from North Africa to France. Harvard University Press
- BKatz, Dana E.. 2017. The Jewish Ghetto and the Visual Imagination of Early Modern Venice. Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/9781316691526
- BKatz, David S.. 1982. Philo-Semitism and the Readmission of the Jews to England, 1603–1655. Clarendon Press, Oxford
- BKatz, David S.. 1994. The Jews in the History of England, 1485–1850. Clarendon Press, Oxford
- BKatz, Jacob. 1998. A House Divided: Orthodoxy and Schism in Nineteenth-Century Central European Jewry. Brandeis University Press (University Press of New England)
- AKedar, Benjamin Z.. 2004. The Jerusalem Massacre of July 1099 in the Western Historiography of the Crusades. Crusades 3 15–75. doi:10.1080/28327861.2004.12220041
- CKehila Kedosha Janina Synagogue and Museum. 2021. The Holocaust in Ioannina. Kehila Kedosha Janina link
- BKenneth R. Stow. 1977. Catholic Thought and Papal Jewry Policy 1555–1593. The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, New York
- BKerkeslager A, Setzer C, Trebilco P, et al.. 2006. The Diaspora from 66 to c. 235 CE. The Cambridge History of Judaism, Vol. 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period (ed. Steven T. Katz), Cambridge University Press 53–92. link
- BKevin Alan Brook. 2006. The Jews of Khazaria (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham link
- BKhalidi, Rashid. 1997. Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness. Columbia University Press doi:10.7312/khal92238
- BKhan G. 2020. The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1. Open Book Publishers doi:10.11647/OBP.0163
- BKhazanov AM. 2007. Krymchaks. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.) link
- AKieval, Hillel J.. 1997. Pursuing the Golem of Prague: Jewish Culture and the Invention of a Tradition. Modern Judaism 17 1–23. doi:10.1093/mj/17.1.1
- BKiwitt, Marc. 2016. Judeo-French. Handbook of Jewish Languages, ed. Lily Kahn & Aaron D. Rubin, Brill 138–177.
- BKlier JD. 2011. Russians, Jews, and the Pogroms of 1881–1882. Cambridge University Press link
- BKlier, John D.. 2008. Pale of Settlement. YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe link
- BKlier, John D.. 2008. Pogroms. YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe link
- BKohn R. 1988. Les Juifs de la France du Nord dans la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle. Louvain–Paris: E. Peeters (Collection de la Revue des études juives)
- BKoplik, Sara. 2015. A Political and Economic History of the Jews of Afghanistan. Brill, Leiden link
- BKrais J. 2021. Barqa (Cyrenaica). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE (ed. Fleet, Krämer, Matringe, Nawas, Rowson), Brill
- BKrauss S. 1920. Die Wiener Geserah vom Jahre 1421. Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna link
- B2007. Krimchaks. Encyclopaedia Judaica link
- BKrinsky, Carol Herselle. 1996. Synagogues of Europe: Architecture, History, Meaning. Dover Publications, New York (reprint of Architectural History Foundation / MIT Press, 1985)
- BKrivoruchko J. 2020. Judeo-Greek. Jewish Language Project link
- BKrivoruchko, Julia G.. 2016. Judeo-Greek. Handbook of Jewish Languages, eds. Lily Kahn & Aaron D. Rubin (Leiden: Brill)
- AKuhrt A. 1983. The Cyrus Cylinder and Achaemenid Imperial Policy. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 8 83–97. doi:10.1177/030908928300802507
- BKupovetsky, Mark. 2008. Population and Migration: Population and Migration before World War I. YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe link
- BKurrein V. 1931. Die Mesnerin von Enns. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Juden Oberösterreichs. Zeitschrift für die Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland 3 171–179.
- BLangermann YT. 2001. “Mori Yusuf”: Rabbi Yosef Kafah (Qāfiḥ) (1917–2000). Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism 1 333–340. doi:10.2979/ale.2001.-.1.333
- ALangmuir, Gavin I.. 1984. Thomas of Monmouth: Detector of Ritual Murder. Speculum 59 820–846. doi:10.2307/2846698
- BLapidus, Ira M.. 2012. The non-Muslim Minorities. Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History, Cambridge University Press 193–210. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139027670.022
- ALaskier, Michael M.. 1985. Zionism and the Jewish Communities of Morocco: 1956–1962. Studies in Zionism 6 119–138. doi:10.1080/13531048508575875
- BLaskier, Michael M.. 1994. North African Jewry in the Twentieth Century: The Jews of Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. New York University Press link
- BLazin FA. 2004. The Struggle for Soviet Jewry in American Politics: Israel versus the American Jewish Establishment. Lexington Books link
- BLe Bohec Y. 1981. Inscriptions juives et judaïsantes de l'Afrique romaine. Antiquités africaines 17 165–207. link
- ALea, Henry Charles. 1896. Ferrand Martinez and the Massacres of 1391. The American Historical Review 1 209–219. doi:10.1086/ahr/1.2.209
- CLendering J. 2020. Samaria. Livius.org link
- CLendering J. 2020. Susa. Livius.org (Articles on Ancient History) link
- BLeon, Harry J.. 1960. The Jews of Ancient Rome. Jewish Publication Society of America (Philadelphia); updated ed. Hendrickson, 1995 link
- BLerner CB. 2004. The Wellspring of Georgian Historiography: The Early Medieval Historical Chronicle The Conversion of Kartli and The Life of St. Nino. Bennett and Bloom (London) link
- BLerner CB. 2004. The Wellspring of Georgian Historiography: The Early Medieval Historical Chronicle The Conversion of Kartli and The Life of St. Nino. Bennett & Bloom, London link
- BLevin, Itamar. 2001. Locked Doors: The Seizure of Jewish Property in Arab Countries. Praeger link
- BLevy, Avigdor. 1992. The Sephardim in the Ottoman Empire. The Darwin Press, Princeton, NJ
- BLevy, Avigdor (ed.). 1994. The Jews of the Ottoman Empire. Darwin Press / Institute of Turkish Studies, Princeton
- C2000. Libya Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library link
- BLipschits O. 2005. The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule. Eisenbrauns / Pennsylvania State University Press
- BLoeb LD. 1977. Outcaste: Jewish Life in Southern Iran. Gordon and Breach (New York)
- CLomtadze T, Enoch R. 2022. Judeo-Georgian. Jewish Language Project link
- BLucca P. 2022. The Expulsion and Forced Conversion of the Jews of Isfahan: A Comparison between Arak'el Davrižec'i's Girk' patmuteanc' and Bābā'ī ben Loṭf's Ketāb-e anūsī. Entangled Religions 13 1–45. doi:10.46586/er.13.2022.9793
- BLuce, Siméon. 1881. Catalogue des documents du Trésor des Chartes relatifs aux Juifs sous le règne de Philippe le Bel. Revue des études juives 2 15–72. link
- BLuckenbill DD. 1927. Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia, Volume II: Historical Records of Assyria from Sargon to the End. University of Chicago Press
- BMa'oz, Moshe. 2010. Damascus Affair (1840). Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World (ed. Norman A. Stillman), Brill
- BMaccoby, Hyam. 1982. Judaism on Trial: Jewish-Christian Disputations in the Middle Ages. Associated University Presses (Littman Library of Jewish Civilization) link
- BMaccoby, Hyam. 1982. Judaism on Trial: Jewish–Christian Disputations in the Middle Ages. The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization / Associated University Presses
- BMagocsi PR. 1996. A History of Ukraine. University of Toronto Press
- C2020. Mahzor Aram Soba. Sephardic Heritage Museum link
- BMaimonides M. 1952. Epistle to Yemen (Iggeret Teman). Critical edition ed. A.S. Halkin, English trans. B. Cohen; American Academy for Jewish Research, New York (original composed c. 1172)
- BMarcus S. 2007. Romaniots. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.) link
- BMarcus Tullius Cicero. -59. Pro Flacco (In Defence of Lucius Valerius Flaccus), 66-69 (trans. C. D. Yonge). Attalus.org (Yonge translation, Bohn's Classical Library) link
- C2025. Margalit Zinati. Wikipedia link
- BMarjorie Housepian Dobkin. 1972. Smyrna 1922: The Destruction of a City. Kent State University Press
- BMark Mazower. 2004. Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430–1950. HarperCollins
- BMark the Evangelist (trad.). 70. Gospel of Mark 15:21. New Testament (King James Version) link
- BMazower, Mark. 2004. Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430–1950. HarperCollins (London, 2004); Alfred A. Knopf / Vintage (New York, 2005–2006) link
- AMeir-Glitzenstein E. 2011. Operation Magic Carpet: Constructing the Myth of the Magical Immigration of Yemenite Jews to Israel. Israel Studies 16 149–173. doi:10.2979/israelstudies.16.3.149
- BMeir-Glitzenstein E. 2014. The "Magic Carpet" Exodus of Yemenite Jewry: An Israeli Formative Myth. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press link
- BMeir-Glitzenstein, Esther. 2004. Zionism in an Arab Country: Jews in Iraq in the 1940s. Routledge link
- BMenachem E. Artom. 2007. Sardinia. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BMenahem Mor. 2016. The Second Jewish Revolt: The Bar Kokhba War, 132–136 CE. Brill
- BMiccoli D. 2011. Moving Histories. The Jews and Modernity in Alexandria 1881–1919. Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History 2 link
- AMilano A. 1953. The Number of the Jews in Sicily at the Time of Their Expulsion in 1492. Jewish Social Studies 15 25–32.
- BMilano, Attilio. 1964. Il ghetto di Roma: illustrazioni storiche. Staderini (Roma)
- BMillar, Fergus. 2006. The Jews of the Graeco-Roman Diaspora between Paganism and Christianity, AD 312–438. Rome, the Greek World, and the East, Volume 3: The Greek World, the Jews, and the East (eds. H. M. Cotton & G. M. Rogers), University of North Carolina Press 432–434.
- BMiller, Philip E.. 1993. Karaite Separatism in Nineteenth-Century Russia: Joseph Solomon Lutski's Epistle of Israel's Deliverance. Hebrew Union College Press
- AMiller, Susan Gilson, Petruccioli, Attilio, Bertagnin, Mauro. 2001. Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438–1912). Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 60 310–327. doi:10.2307/991758
- BMinervini, Laura. 2021. Judeo-Romance in Italy and France (Judeo-Italian, Judeo-French, Judeo-Occitan). Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Oxford University Press doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.454
- BMinna Rozen. 2002. A History of the Jewish Community in Istanbul: The Formative Years, 1453–1566. Brill (The Ottoman Empire and Its Heritage, vol. 26)
- BModrzejewski JM. 1997. The Jews of Egypt: From Rameses II to Emperor Hadrian. Princeton University Press link
- CMoseley C. 2010. Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (3rd ed.). UNESCO Publishing
- BMoulinas R. 1992. Les Juifs du Pape: Avignon et le Comtat Venaissin. Albin Michel (Collection Présences du judaïsme)
- C2025. Mountain Jews. Wikipedia link
- BMundill RR. 2002. England's Jewish Solution: Experiment and Expulsion, 1262–1290. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
- BMundill, Robin R.. 1998. England's Jewish Solution: Experiment and Expulsion, 1262–1290. Cambridge University Press
- C2025. Musta'arabi Jews. Wikipedia link
- CMy Jewish Learning. 2024. Jewish Ghettos of Pre-Emancipation Europe. My Jewish Learning link
- CMy Jewish Learning. 2020. The Jews of Iran: A Modern History. My Jewish Learning link
- ANadjari, David. 2007. L'émancipation à « marche forcée » : les Juifs d'Algérie et le décret Crémieux. Labyrinthe 28 77-89. doi:10.4000/labyrinthe.2893
- BNaimark, Norman M.. 2001. Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe. Harvard University Press pp. 49–51.
- BNational Human Genome Research Institute. 2026. Autosome. Talking Glossary of Genomic and Genetic Terms link
- BNational Human Genome Research Institute. 2026. Mitochondrial DNA. Talking Glossary of Genomic and Genetic Terms link
- BNational Human Genome Research Institute. 2026. Founder Effect. Talking Glossary of Genomic and Genetic Terms link
- BNational Human Genome Research Institute. 2026. Use of Population Descriptors in Genomics. National Human Genome Research Institute link
- ANebel A, Filon D, Brinkmann B, et al.. 2001. The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East. American Journal of Human Genetics 69 1095–1112. doi:10.1086/324070
- BNebes N. 2010. The Martyrs of Najrān and the End of the Ḥimyar: On the Political History of South Arabia in the Early Sixth Century. The Qurʾān in Context: Historical and Literary Investigations into the Qurʾānic Milieu (eds. A. Neuwirth, N. Sinai, M. Marx), Brill 27–59.
- BNetzer A. 2007. Judeo-Persian. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (via Encyclopedia.com) link
- BNeusner J. 2007. Exilarch. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed., Gale) link
- BNgai MM. 2004. Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America. Princeton University Press link
- BNirenberg, David. 2014. Neighboring Faiths: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism in the Middle Ages and Today. University of Chicago Press link
- ANogueiro I, Teixeira J, Amorim A, et al.. 2015. Echoes from Sepharad: signatures on the maternal gene pool of crypto-Jewish descendants. European Journal of Human Genetics 23 693–699. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.140
- ANon AL, Al-Meeri A, Raaum RL, et al.. 2011. Mitochondrial DNA reveals distinct evolutionary histories for Jewish populations in Yemen and Ethiopia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 144 1–10. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21360
- COchildiev, David. 2001. A History of the Bukharan Jews. Roshnoyi-Light (MIR Collection), New York
- AOstrer H, Skorecki K. 2013. The population genetics of the Jewish people. Human Genetics 132 119–127. doi:10.1007/s00439-012-1235-6
- BParfitt, Tudor. 1996. The Road to Redemption: The Jews of the Yemen, 1900–1950. Leiden: E.J. Brill (Brill's Series in Jewish Studies 17) link
- BPatai R. 2014. The Jewish Alchemists: A History and Source Book. Princeton University Press
- BPatai, Raphael. 1996. The Jews of Hungary: History, Culture, Psychology. Wayne State University Press
- BPaul R. Trebilco. 1991. Jewish Communities in Asia Minor. Cambridge University Press (Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series 69) link
- BPearce LE. 2006. New Evidence for Judeans in Babylonia. Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period (ed. O. Lipschits & M. Oeming) 399–411. link
- BPeláez del Rosal, Jesús (ed.). 1985. De Abrahán a Maimónides, III: Los judíos en Córdoba. Ediciones El Almendro, Córdoba
- BPérez J. 2007. History of a Tragedy: The Expulsion of the Jews from Spain. University of Illinois Press link
- BPerry, Thomas W.. 1962. Public Opinion, Propaganda, and Politics in Eighteenth-Century England: A Study of the Jew Bill of 1753. Harvard University Press
- APeters E. 1995. Jewish History and Gentile Memory: The Expulsion of 1492. Jewish History 9 9–34. doi:10.1007/BF01669187
- BPeters, Francis E.. 2005. The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition, Volume II: The Words and Will of God. Princeton University Press p. 287.
- BPhilip Sandler. 1955. Earliest Jewish Settlers in New York (To the Tercentenary of Jewish Settlement in America). New York History 36 39–50. link
- BPhilo of Alexandria. 41. Against Flaccus (In Flaccum). The Works of Philo Judaeus, trans. C. D. Yonge link
- BPhilo of Alexandria. 41. On the Embassy to Gaius (Legatio ad Gaium), §155. The Works of Philo, trans. C. D. Yonge (1855) link
- BPienaar DN. 2008. Symbolism in the Samaria ivories and architecture. Acta Theologica 28 48–68. link
- BPintoin M (Religieux de Saint-Denys). 1840. Chronique du Religieux de Saint-Denys, contenant le règne de Charles VI de 1380 à 1422. ed. and trans. L. Bellaguet, Paris: Imprimerie de Crapelet (Collection de documents inédits sur l'histoire de France) II 119.
- BPogonowski IC. 1993. Jews in Poland: A Documentary History. Hippocrene Books, New York
- BPolliack, Meira (ed.). 2003. Karaite Judaism: A Guide to Its History and Literary Sources. Brill (Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section 1, vol. 73) doi:10.1163/9789004294264
- BPolonsky, Antony. 2010. The Jews in Poland and Russia, Volume 1: 1350–1881. Littman Library of Jewish Civilization link
- BPorten B. 1968. Archives from Elephantine: The Life of an Ancient Jewish Military Colony. University of California Press link
- BPorten, Bezalel, Yardeni, Ada. 1986. Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt (TADAE). Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of the History of the Jewish People 1–4 (publication run 1986–1999) link
- BPrestwich M. 1997. Edward I. Yale University Press (Yale English Monarchs series), New Haven
- BPseudo-Aristeas. -150. Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates. trans. R. H. Charles, The Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament (1913) link
- BPucci Ben Zeev M. 2006. The uprisings in the Jewish Diaspora, 116–117. The Cambridge History of Judaism, Vol. 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period, ed. Steven T. Katz, Cambridge University Press 93–104. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521772488.005
- C2025. Qırmızı Qəsəbə (Krasnaya Sloboda). Wikipedia link
- BRabinowitz LI, Dienstag JI, Hyman A, et al.. 2007. Maimonides, Moses. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), ed. Fred Skolnik & Michael Berenbaum, Macmillan Reference USA / Thomson Gale link
- BRatzaby Y. 2007. Shabazi, Shalem. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (via Encyclopedia.com) link
- BRatzaby Y, Tobi Y. 2007. Mawzaʿ. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (via Encyclopedia.com) link
- BRavid, Benjamin, Fortis, Umberto. 2007. Venice. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- ARavid, Benjamin. 2012. Cum Nimis Absurdum and the Ancona Auto-da-Fé Revisited: Their Impact on Venice and Some Wider Reflections. Jewish History 26 85–100. doi:10.1007/s10835-012-9158-2
- BRavid, Benjamin. 2023. Studies on the Jews of Venice, 1382–1797. Routledge; original Ashgate/Variorum edition published 2003 doi:10.4324/9781003418481
- BRay, Jonathan S.. 2013. After Expulsion: 1492 and the Making of Sephardic Jewry. New York University Press
- ARein, Raanan, Sheinin, David M. K.. 2023. Structuring Jewish Buenos Aires at the end of the long nineteenth century. Jewish Culture and History 24(4) 486–500. doi:10.1080/1462169X.2023.2253020
- BRemennick L. 2007. Russian Jews on Three Continents: Identity, Integration, and Conflict. Transaction Publishers link
- BRendsburg GA. 2003. A Comprehensive Guide to Israelian Hebrew: Grammar and Lexicon. Orient 38 5–35. doi:10.5356/orient1960.38.5
- BRischin M. 1962. The Promised City: New York's Jews, 1870–1914. Harvard University Press link
- BRischin M. 1962. The Promised City: New York's Jews, 1870–1914. Harvard University Press link
- BRist, Rebecca. 2016. Popes and Jews, 1095–1291. Oxford University Press
- BRoberts SB. 2017. Citizenship and Antisemitism in French Colonial Algeria, 1870–1962. Cambridge University Press
- BRobin CJ. 2012. Arabia and Ethiopia. The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity (ed. S.F. Johnson), Oxford University Press 247–332.
- BRobin CJ. 2021. The Judaism of the Ancient Kingdom of Ḥimyar in Arabia: A Discreet Conversion. Diversity and Rabbinization: Jewish Texts and Societies between 400 and 1000 CE, eds. G. McDowell, R. Naiweld & D. Stökl Ben Ezra (Cambridge: Open Book Publishers) doi:10.11647/OBP.0219.07
- BRobinson JT. 2024. Samuel Ibn Tibbon. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy link
- BRogers GM. 2022. For the Freedom of Zion: The Great Revolt of Jews against Romans, 66–74 CE. Yale University Press
- ARokéah ZE. 1988. Money and the Hangman in Late-Thirteenth-Century England: Jews, Christians and Coinage Offences Alleged and Real (Part I). Jewish Historical Studies (Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England) 31 83–109.
- ARoniger, Luis. 2019. The Western Sephardic Diaspora: Ancestral Birthplaces and Displacement, Diaspora Formation and Multiple Homelands. Latin American Research Review 54(4) 1031–1038. doi:10.25222/larr.600
- BRosenthal H. 1904. May Laws. The Jewish Encyclopedia (Funk & Wagnalls) link
- BRosenthal, Herman. 1904. Lithuania. The Jewish Encyclopedia (Funk & Wagnalls, New York, 1901–1906), vol. 8 link
- BRosenthal, Herman. 1904. Lithuanian Council. The Jewish Encyclopedia (Funk & Wagnalls, New York, 1901–1906), vol. 8 link
- BRosenthal, Herman. 1906. Chmielnicki, Bogdan Zinovi. The Jewish Encyclopedia link
- BRoth C, Lipman VD, Krausz E. 2007. England. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (Gale, via Encyclopedia.com) link
- BRoth C. 1934. A Life of Manasseh Ben Israel: Rabbi, Printer, and Diplomat. Jewish Publication Society of America link
- BRoth C. 1964. A History of the Jews in England (3rd ed.). Clarendon Press, Oxford
- BRoth, Cecil. 1946. The History of the Jews of Italy. Jewish Publication Society of America
- BRoth, Norman. 1990. Jewish Collaborators in Alfonso's Scientific Work. Emperor of Culture: Alfonso X the Learned of Castile and His Thirteenth-Century Renaissance (ed. Robert I. Burns), University of Pennsylvania Press link
- BRoth, Norman. 1994. Jews, Visigoths and Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict. Brill, Leiden
- BRoth, Norman (ed.). 2003. Ibn Naghrillah, Samuel (993–1056). Medieval Jewish Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Routledge 363–366.
- BRothkirchen, Livia. 2005. The Jews of Bohemia and Moravia: Facing the Holocaust. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln / Yad Vashem, Jerusalem
- BRoumani MM. 2008. The Jews of Libya: Coexistence, Persecution, Resettlement. Sussex Academic Press
- BRoumani MM. 2008. The Jews of Libya: Coexistence, Persecution, Resettlement. Sussex Academic Press, Brighton
- BRudavsky T. 2020. Gersonides. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy link
- BRustow, Marina. 2008. Heresy and the Politics of Community: The Jews of the Fatimid Caliphate. Cornell University Press
- BSabar Y. 1996. Jews of Kurdistan. Encyclopedia of World Cultures (Macmillan) link
- BSabar Y. 2002. A Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dictionary: Dialects of Amidya, Dihok, Nerwa and Zakho, Northwestern Iraq. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden link
- BSachar, Howard M.. 2007. A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time. Alfred A. Knopf
- ASadjed A. 2021. Conversion, Identity, and Memory in Iranian-Jewish Historiography: The Jews of Mashhad. International Journal of Middle East Studies 53 235–251. doi:10.1017/S0020743821000039
- BSalbstein, M. C. N.. 1982. The Emancipation of the Jews in Britain: The Question of the Admission of the Jews to Parliament, 1828–1860. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press
- ASamuel Oppenheim. 1909. The Early History of the Jews in New York, 1654-1664: Some New Matter on the Subject. Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society 18 1–97. link
- BSaraiva AJ, Salomon HP (tr.), Sassoon ISD (tr.). 2001. The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians, 1536–1765. Brill link
- BSarr, Bilal. 2020. The Nasrid Population and Its Ethnocultural Components. The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada between East and West (Thirteenth to Fifteenth Centuries), ed. Adela Fábregas, Brill 177–194. link
- BSarshar, Houman. 2009. Judeo-Persian Communities of Iran i. Introduction. Encyclopaedia Iranica XV/1 89–90. link
- BSassoon J. 2022. The Global Merchants: The Enterprise and Extravagance of the Sassoon Dynasty. Allen Lane (Penguin) / Pantheon Books link
- BSchalit A, Matassa L (2nd ed.). 2007. Encyclopaedia Judaica, s.v. 'Elephantine'. Macmillan Reference USA / Keter link
- BSchechtman JB. 1952. The Repatriation of Yemenite Jewry. Jewish Social Studies 14 209–224. link
- BSchipper BU. 2019. A Concise History of Ancient Israel: From the Beginnings Through the Hellenistic Era. Eisenbrauns (Penn State University Press)
- BScholem, Gershom. 1973. Sabbatai Ṣevi: The Mystical Messiah, 1626–1676. Princeton University Press
- BSchreier, Joshua. 2010. Arabs of the Jewish Faith: The Civilizing Mission in Colonial Algeria. Rutgers University Press; New Brunswick, NJ
- BSchwartz S. 2001. Imperialism and Jewish Society, 200 B.C.E. to 640 C.E.. Princeton University Press
- BSchwartz S. 2014. The Ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad. Cambridge University Press (Key Themes in Ancient History)
- BSchwarzfuchs, Simon R.. 2007. Crusades. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BSebag P. 1991. Histoire des Juifs de Tunisie: des origines à nos jours. L'Harmattan, Paris
- BSecousse D-F (ed.). 1745. Ordonnances des rois de France de la troisième race, recueillies par ordre chronologique. Paris: Imprimerie Royale VII 675.
- BSeeskin K. 2024. Maimonides. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (substantive revision Nov 18, 2024), ed. Edward N. Zalta link
- BSeligsohn M, Gottheil R. 1904. Ispahan. The Jewish Encyclopedia (Funk & Wagnalls, 1901–1906) link
- BSessions, Jennifer E.. 2011. By Sword and Plow: France and the Conquest of Algeria. Cornell University Press; Ithaca, NY
- BShachmon O. 2013. Judeo-Arabic, Yemen, Hebrew Component in. Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, ed. Geoffrey Khan (Leiden: Brill), vol. 2, p. 402 doi:10.1163/2212-4241_ehll_ehll_com_00000770
- BShapira A. 2012. Israel: A History. Brandeis University Press
- BShapira A. 2012. Israel: A History. Brandeis University Press (Schusterman Series in Israel Studies) link
- BShapira D. 2007. Judeo-Tat. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed., Thomson Gale) link
- BShapira D. 2019. Book Review: Thesaurus of Judeo-Tat (Juhuri) Language of the Mountain Jews of the Caucasus by Rabbi Ya'akov Itzhaki. Iran Namag 4 Number 2, Summer 2019. link
- BShapira DDY. 2010. Caucasus (Mountain Jews). Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World (N. A. Stillman, ed.), Brill link
- BShapira, Dan D. Y.. 2003. Avraham Firkowicz in Istanbul (1830–1832): Paving the Way for Turkic Nationalism. KaraM
- BSharf A. 1971. Byzantine Jewry from Justinian to the Fourth Crusade. Schocken Books 20–21.
- BShaw, Stanford J.. 1991. The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic. New York University Press (repr. Palgrave Macmillan)
- AShem-Tov, Naphtaly. 2018. Displaying the Mizrahi Identity in Autobiographical Performances: Body, Food, and Documents. New Theatre Quarterly 34 160–175. doi:10.1017/S0266464X18000064
- BShepard T. 2006. The Invention of Decolonization: The Algerian War and the Remaking of France. Cornell University Press
- BSherira Gaon. 1988. The Iggeres (Epistle) of Rav Sherira Gaon (orig. c. 987 CE), trans. Nosson Dovid Rabinowich. Jerusalem: Rabbi Jacob Joseph School Press / Ahavath Torah Institute Moznaim
- BSherwin, Byron L.. 1982. Mystical Theology and Social Dissent: The Life and Works of Judah Loew of Prague. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Rutherford, NJ
- BSimonsohn S. 2011. Between Scylla and Charybdis: The Jews in Sicily. Brill, Leiden (Brill's Series in Jewish Studies, 43)
- BSimonsohn, Shlomo. 2011. Between Scylla and Charybdis: The Jews in Sicily. Brill (Studies in the History of Jewish Society, vol. 2) link
- BSinger I, Seligsohn M. 1906. Tobiah ben Eliezer. The Jewish Encyclopedia link
- BSinger, Isidore, Adler, Cyrus. 1902. Bajazet II. The Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 2, Funk & Wagnalls, New York
- BSinger, Isidore (ed.). 1906. Hungary. The Jewish Encyclopedia (Funk & Wagnalls) 6 494–500.
- BSlutsky Y. 2007. Caucasus. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed., Thomson Gale) link
- BSlutsky Y. 2007. Derbent. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed., Thomson Gale) link
- BSlutsky Y. 2007. Pale of Settlement. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., vol. 15 (Detroit: Macmillan Reference / Gale) 577–580. link
- BSmith MS. 2002. The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel. William B. Eerdmans (2nd ed., The Biblical Resource Series)
- BSocrates Scholasticus. 439. Ecclesiastical History, Book VII, Chapter 13. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 2 (trans. A. C. Zenos) link
- BSokoloff M. 2002. A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudic and Geonic Periods. Bar-Ilan University Press / Johns Hopkins University Press (Dictionaries of Talmud, Midrash and Targum, III) link
- BSoyer, François. 2007. The Persecution of the Jews and Muslims of Portugal: King Manuel I and the End of Religious Tolerance (1496-7). Brill doi:10.1163/ej.9789004162624.i-330
- CSpanish and Portuguese Jews' Congregation. 2026. History. Spanish and Portuguese Jews' Congregation (Bevis Marks) link
- BStacey RC. 1997. Parliamentary Negotiation and the Expulsion of the Jews from England. Thirteenth Century England VI: Proceedings of the Durham Conference 1995 (eds. M. Prestwich, R.H. Britnell & R. Frame), Boydell Press, Woodbridge 77–102.
- AStampfer S. 2003. What Actually Happened to the Jews of Ukraine in 1648?. Jewish History 17 207–227. doi:10.1023/A:1022330717763
- BStampfer, Shaul. 2008. Gzeyres Takh Vetat. YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe link
- BStanford J. Shaw. 1991. The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic. New York University Press
- BStarr-Lebeau, Gretchen. 2014. Conversos and Crypto-Judaism. Oxford Bibliographies in Renaissance and Reformation doi:10.1093/obo/9780195399301-0190
- BStein, Sarah Abrevaya. 2014. Saharan Jews and the Fate of French Algeria. University of Chicago Press; Chicago
- BStein, Sarah Abrevaya. 2014. Saharan Jews and the Fate of French Algeria. University of Chicago Press
- BStern KB. 2008. Inscribing Devotion and Death: Archaeological Evidence for Jewish Populations of North Africa. Brill (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, 161); Leiden & Boston p. 88. link
- BStern, Sacha. 2019. The Jewish Calendar Controversy of 921/2 CE. Brill (Time, Astronomy, and Calendars 8) doi:10.1163/9789004388673
- ASternfeld LB. 2023. Combating the Double Erasure: Can a Jew (Kalimi) be an Iranian in the Islamic Republic?. International Journal of Middle East Studies 55 299–320. doi:10.1017/S0020743823000697
- BStillman NA (ed.). 2010. Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World, s.v. 'Ṣanuʿ (Sanua), Yaʿqub (James)'. Brill link
- BStillman, Norman A.. 1979. The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book. Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia link
- BStillman, Norman A.. 1979. The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia
- BStillman, Norman A.. 2003. The Jews of Arab Lands in Modern Times. Jewish Publication Society
- BStow, Kenneth R.. 2001. Theater of Acculturation: The Roman Ghetto in the Sixteenth Century. University of Washington Press (Seattle) link
- BStrack HL, Stemberger G. 1992. Einleitung in Talmud und Midrasch (8th ed.). C.H. Beck (Beck-Studium), München
- BStrolovitch, Devon L.. 2005. Old Portuguese in Hebrew Script: Convention, Contact, and Convivência. Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- CStroum Center for Jewish Studies, University of Washington. 2000. The Jews of Kurdistan: How Kurdish Jews became Israeli. Stroum Center for Jewish Studies, University of Washington link
- BSwetschinski DM. 2000. Reluctant Cosmopolitans: The Portuguese Jews of Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam. Littman Library of Jewish Civilization link
- C2025. Syrian Jews. Wikipedia link
- C2026. Talmudic academies in Babylonia. Wikipedia link
- C2025. Tankho Israilov. Wikipedia link
- BTeller A. 2020. Rescue the Surviving Souls: The Great Jewish Refugee Crisis of the Seventeenth Century. Princeton University Press link
- BTeller, Adam. 2008. Councils. YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe link
- BTeveth, Shabtai. 1987. Ben-Gurion: The Burning Ground, 1886–1948. Houghton Mifflin
- C2000. The Holocaust of the Mountain Jews. Yad Vashem — Moshe Mirilashvili Center for Research on the Holocaust in the Soviet Union link
- BThe Jewish Encyclopedia. 1905. Rome. The Jewish Encyclopedia (Funk & Wagnalls, 1901–1906), vol. 10 10 link
- CThe Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906. Karaites and Karaism. The Jewish Encyclopedia 7 link
- C2024. The Jews of Iraq. Jewish Virtual Library link
- C2024. The Jews of Yemen. Jewish Virtual Library link
- CTheTorah.com. 2018. The Transformation of Hebrew Script: From Paleo-Hebrew to Aramaic. TheTorah.com link
- BToaff, Ariel, DellaPergola, Sergio, Rocca, Samuele. 2007. Naples. Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (ed. Fred Skolnik & Michael Berenbaum), Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA link
- BTobi Y. 1999. The Jews of Yemen: Studies in Their History and Culture. Leiden: Brill (Etudes sur le judaisme medieval, 21) doi:10.1163/9789004497184
- BTolts M. 2009. Post-Soviet Aliyah and Jewish Demographic Transformation. 15th World Congress of Jewish Studies, Jerusalem link
- BTorres Balbás, Leopoldo. 1954. Mozarabías y juderías de las ciudades hispanomusulmanas. Al-Andalus 19 172–197.
- C2000. Tunisia Virtual Jewish History Tour. Jewish Virtual Library link
- BUdovitch AL, Valensi L. 1984. The Last Arab Jews: The Communities of Jerba, Tunisia. Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur
- CUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2024. Amsterdam. Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum link
- BUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2020. Bulgaria. Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum link
- BUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2022. Deportations to Killing Centers. Holocaust Encyclopedia (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) link
- BUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2023. German Jews during the Holocaust, 1939–1945. Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum link
- BUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2023. Kristallnacht. Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum link
- BUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2024. Lithuania. Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC link
- CUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2000. Jews of the Maghreb on the eve of World War II. Holocaust Encyclopedia (USHMM) link
- CUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2023. The Netherlands. Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum link
- BUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2021. Operation Reinhard (Einsatz Reinhard). Holocaust Encyclopedia (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) link
- CUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2026. Salonika. Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum link
- BUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2023. Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution. Holocaust Encyclopedia (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) link
- BUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2026. The Wannsee Conference and the "Final Solution". Holocaust Encyclopedia (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) link
- BUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2023. Warsaw. Holocaust Encyclopedia (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) link
- BUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2026. Aliyah Bet. Holocaust Encyclopedia link
- Bvan der Toorn, Karel. 2019. Becoming Diaspora Jews: Behind the Story of Elephantine. Yale University Press (Anchor Yale Bible Reference Library) doi:10.12987/yale/9780300243512.001.0001
- BVeinstein, Gilles. 1992. Salonique 1850–1918: la « ville des Juifs » et le réveil des Balkans. Éditions Autrement, Paris
- BWeinreich, Max. 2008. History of the Yiddish Language. Yale University Press, New Haven (transl. Shlomo Noble with Joshua A. Fishman) 1
- BWeinreich, Uriel. 2007. Yiddish Language. Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.), via Encyclopedia.com link
- BWeinryb, Bernard D.. 1973. The Jews of Poland: A Social and Economic History of the Jewish Community in Poland from 1100 to 1800. Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Vienna Gesera. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Operation Magic Carpet (Yemen). Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. 1990s post-Soviet aliyah. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Aliens Act 1905. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Apulia. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Bayezid II. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Belmonte, Portugal. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Black Death Jewish persecutions. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. British Jews. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Charles VI of France. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Council of Four Lands. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Crémieux Decree. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Crimean Karaites. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in the Czech Republic. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Disputation of Paris. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Edict of Expulsion. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Emirate of Granada. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Morocco. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. The Holocaust in Hungary. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. The Holocaust in Lithuania. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. The Holocaust in Ukraine. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Isaac Luria. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Moses Isserles. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Italian Jews. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Jacob Berab. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Algeria. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Amsterdam. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Austria. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Bulgaria. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in England. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in England (1066–1290). Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in France. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Germany. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Greece. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Hungary. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Istanbul. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in İzmir. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Libya. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Lithuania. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Naples. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in North Macedonia. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in the Ottoman Empire. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Poland. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Portugal. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Rome. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Sardinia. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Serbia. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Sicily. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Thessaloniki. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Turkey. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Ukraine. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Venice. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Vienna. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Joseph Karo. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Judaeo-Spanish. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Khmelnytsky pogroms. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Khmelnytsky Uprising. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Lithuanian Jews. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Migration of Moroccan Jews to Israel. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Mokum. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Names of Istanbul. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2025. Old Yishuv. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Operation Ezra and Nehemiah. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Pale of Settlement. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Paradisus Judaeorum. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Rae Dalven. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Raid on the Roman Ghetto. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Rhineland massacres. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Roman Ghetto. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Romaniote Jews. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Russia. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Safed. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. ShUM-cities. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Sicilian Jews. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2025. Siege of Jerusalem (1099). Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Speyer. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Third Aliyah. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Tosafists. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in the United States. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Venetian Ghetto. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Vilnius. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Yiddish. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2025. David Baazov. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2025. Georgian Jews. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2025. Gerzel Baazov. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Alexandria. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Egypt. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. History of the Jews in Hamburg. Wikipedia (English) link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2026. Krymchaks. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2000. Kurdish Jews in Israel. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2025. Mikhael Mirilashvili. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2025. Tamir Sapir. Wikipedia link
- CWikipedia contributors. 2000. Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmia. Wikipedia link
- BWolf L. 1901. Menasseh ben Israel's Mission to Oliver Cromwell. Jewish Historical Society of England (London: Macmillan) link
- AXue J, Lencz T, Darvasi A, et al.. 2017. The time and place of European admixture in Ashkenazi Jewish history. PLoS Genetics 13 e1006644. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006644
- C2007. Yemen. Encyclopedia.com (Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations) link
- BYoda S. 2005. The Arabic Dialect of the Jews of Tripoli (Libya): Grammar, Text and Glossary. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden (Semitica Viva 35)
- AYounger KL. 1998. The Deportations of the Israelites. Journal of Biblical Literature 117 201–227. doi:10.2307/3266980
- BZafrani, Haïm. 2005. Two Thousand Years of Jewish Life in Morocco. Ktav Publishing House
- BZafrani, Haïm. 1991. Mallāḥ. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition (eds. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs), Brill
- BZaken M. 2007. Jewish Subjects and Their Tribal Chieftains in Kurdistan: A Study in Survival. Brill (Jewish Identities in a Changing World, vol. 9) link
- BZand, Michael. 1989. Bukhara vii. Bukharan Jews. Encyclopædia Iranica IV/5 530–545. link
- BZeldes N. 2003. "The Former Jews of This Kingdom": Sicilian Converts after the Expulsion, 1492–1516. Brill, Leiden doi:10.1163/9789004476004
- BZipperstein, Steven J.. 2018. Pogrom: Kishinev and the Tilt of History. Liveright Publishing (W. W. Norton & Company)
- BZohar Z. 2013. Rabbinic Creativity in the Modern Middle East. Bloomsbury (Continuum; Kogod Library of Judaic Studies) link
- B2026. Азербайджан (Azerbaijan). Электронная еврейская энциклопедия (Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia, online; based on the Short Jewish Encyclopedia, Jerusalem 1976–2005) link